A Simplified Framework for Assessing China's Four Warfares and the Need for Institutional Economic Statecraft in a Hybrid Era

Authors

  • Michael DiBernardo Aletheia Research Institution / U.S. Air Force Author

Abstract

The article addresses a critical institutional gap: U.S. defense structures designed around traditional DIME frameworks struggle against China's coordinated hybrid warfare campaigns. DiBernardo categorizes China's approach into four warfare domains: psychological, media, legal, and economic.

Author Biography

  • Michael DiBernardo, Aletheia Research Institution / U.S. Air Force
    Michael DiBernardo is a FORESIGHT Lab Fellow with Aletheia Research Institution and serves as an Officer in the U.S. Air Force. He holds an M.B.A. and B.A. in Economics. Views expressed are solely the author's and do not represent official U.S. Government positions.

Published

2026-01-07

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Issue 2

Section

Insight